After the North Pole: A Story of Survival, Mythmaking, and Melting Ice by Erling Kagge
The North Pole, according to Erling Kagge, exists as a reductio ad absurdum. Having no longitude, it’s really no place at all. The same applies to the South Pole, of course. But unlike the South Pole, walking to the top of the world must be accomplished atop sea pack ice. Once there, fixing your position at 90°N means you can decide the time of day. All hours apply. But it’s only temporary, as the pack ice is already floating you away. The North Pole will allow a visitor, just not a permanent one.
Because he made the trek there in 1990, Kagge has the authority to regale us about the North Pole. And in After the North Pole: A Story of Survival, Mythmaking, and Melting Ice, we see why it’s fitting that one of history’s most elusive places seems to repel all comers. Throughout this travel narrative, Kagge also provides a history of Arctic exploration. Ultimately, he’s asking a singular question: Why are we compelled to venture north?
What lies “north of the north winds” has been a source of wonder since antiquity. Kagge notes how Herodotus’ Hyperborea, a land to the north “where people lived in peace and harmony” and “where the sun went to rest,” was drawn on maps up until the Enlightenment. After all, compasses were already in use and they, of course, pointed north. So something must lie beyond immediate reach.
Even as Europeans circumnavigated the globe, they still couldn’t breach the northern icy waters. Kagge takes us through familiar history, detailing the search for the Northwest Passage and the big names from the Heroic Era of Polar Exploration (Fridtjof Nansen and Roald Amundsen, to name a few). If this era of history is nothing new to you, it’s tempting to skim such sections. But Kagge does more than just repeat their narratives. He’s uniquely qualified to delve into the psyche of these famous explorers and comment on their decisions while they were on their respective explorations.
The nuances of Kagge’s own journey to the North Pole comprise some of the book’s most engaging moments. He describes an environment that’s absent of all aromas. Given the frigid temperatures, any particle that might carry an aroma quickly turns to ice. During some stretches, the sea ice is so thin he compares it to walking on a waterbed. He melts sea ice for drinking water. How, one might wonder, does one drink sea water? The answer lies in the ice’s age. It has to be at least a year old so as to have gone through the process of pressing out the salt. Plus there’s the constant risk of polar bear attacks. (He ends up shooting and killing a bear that charged him.)
Of course one can take a small plane and land on an ice floe. Or, more ominously, you can climb into a nuclear-powered submarine and slip under the ice. Various navies have been doing this for decades.
With rising global temperatures, there’s the open question of just how much ice will remain in the coming years. Kagge notes that the Arctic is warming at twice the global rate. What this portends for the earth is an open question. But as a warning, Kagge shares Margaret Atwood’s comparison of the earth to that of a dying tree: the decay is first noticed at the top. What is known is that the Russian military is taking advantage of the warming temperatures by constructing military bases farther and farther north.
Nevertheless, Kagge’s book is ultimately about stepping into the ineffable. In the end, he doesn’t know why he’s compelled to explore to the point of near death. Is it from believing that some form of contentment can result only from overcoming a challenge and perhaps coming face-to-face with the sublime? That’s certainly part of it, Kagge admits. Do I believe he’s chasing in the extreme what the rest of experience during, say, a difficult hike, where there’s restorative power of having to be present in the moment? I believe so.
For some polar explorers, they are only at ease while on expedition, says Kagge. Perhaps they are akin to migratory birds, those flying compasses. The earth’s magnetic field just points them north.
The derring-dos of the famous explorers of yesteryear certainly had an outsized effect on the imaginations of others. And if they disappeared and never returned, well, all the more dramatic. Take John Franklin, who vanished while on expedition in 1845. Kagge describes how there’s a marble bust of Franklin in Westminster Abbey. Below it, there’s a verse from Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem honoring Franklin: “Not here! The white north hath thy bones, and thou, heroic sailor-soul, art passing on thine happier voyage now toward no earthly pole.”
Review by Jason Sullivan

